The American Journalist Robert Kaplan stated that anyone who Essay

The American Journalist Robert Kaplan stated that anyone who disbelieves Hobbes' state of nature argument has never visited Co - Essay Example One of the most famous journalists from America, Robert Kaplan has attributed such a term to the society of Cote da’Ivoire, also called in English has the Ivory Coast. To make a statement of such magnitude, there must be some sense going behind it. And indeed, when one sees the current crisis in the Ivory Coast on both the social and political fronts, one is ought to come to the conclusion that Hobbes description of ‘state of nature’ is still prevalent. (Volkov 2011) The troubled lands of West Africa saw an unusual development in political and societal fronts through the land of Ivory Coast. After its independence from the French in 1960, there was a line of hope within the minds of people of this country to stand tall amongst other nations. But, it all came down when the first political crisis rose in Abidjan in 2002. Irrespective of the presence of the French troupes in the country, deployed primarily to seize any such rebellions against the government, the poli tical scenario was split into two with the rebels occupying the entire northern half of the country. When the United Nations came into picture, a deal was struck wherein the rebels, the Ivorians and the ruling government would combine together to form a united governance.

Marketing Channels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Channels - Essay Example The factory gate is the point at which the product is fully assembled and ready to be sent to the retailer's distribution center (Factory Gate Pricing 2004). Under FGP, the retailer takes over the primary distribution from the supplier which means the retailer no longer has to pay the cost of transportation that was previously included in the price the supplier charged for product. The retailer buys the product "at the factory gate" and arranges transport. Instead of several separate vehicles making delivery to a central point, one vehicle can make several stops to pick up goods from suppliers in a specific geographical area. Also, goods can be collected at port of entry into the UK which will cost less, and collecting goods at a manufacturing site located outside the UK could create additional savings. FGP has been in use in the UK by a number of grocery retailers and, as stated earlier, offers component costs of product with transportation costs separated. According to Scottish Food and Drink, there is a lack of knowledge about FGP among suppliers, but the majority of those suppliers using FGP have had a positive experience and believe it is here to stay (How Do I 2004). According to them, certain areas need exploration in deciding whether FGP is the right solution. According to Potter (2003), FGP was first introduc... Understanding supply chain costs Having thorough understanding of logistics operations Putting cross-functional teams in place Making top-level commitments between organisations, for instance, CEOs Once these factors have been considered and FGP is put in place, it becomes obvious that transportation costs are a key area of concern. Effect on Supply Chain Partners and Customers According to Potter (2003), FGP was first introduced in the UK by the fashion and automotive sectors in order to establish organisation and optimisation of transport by purchaser to point of delivery. Applying FGP in the UK grocery sector, however, is probably its most complex application. Tesco was the first to implement it, then Sainsbury's, Asda and Carrefour. A Tesco case study realized the following FGP benefits: 1. Reduction in transport miles 2. Reduction in transport costs 3. Supply chain visibility Aware of orders being placed on suppliers Analyses of the extra costs of demand amplification on transport Better use of transport through backloading Higher service levels The more consolidation, the more savings on wider scale Potter, p. 20 Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment: What Is It According to the Grocery Manufacturers association, collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR) is a revolutionary business process wherein trading partners use technology and a standard set of business processes for Internet-based collaboration on forecasts and plans for replenishing product (Collaborative Planning 2002, par. 1). Because it is a new process within the industry, intended to develop a collaboration strategy among trading partners, a study was undertaken by GMA outlining basic tenets

Catastrophism or Uniformitarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Catastrophism or Uniformitarism - Essay Example From this study it is clear that the two scientists, who came up with a new geographical phenomenon might as well not only cause unending controversy, but a consequent period of regret for all the involved professionals. Apparently, such kind of possible ideas that might have been neglected at the very start of the development of evolution theories would result into a whole new understanding of the earth.This paper declares that just as resources were allocated for the Georgian theory, so should necessary authorities address this upcoming idea; its strength, proof, and influence might give a realistic approach to catastrophes.   The possibility of craters that made an impact over 250 million years ago would result into a new definition on the aftermath that the species experienced. It might be a sad situation for a majority of the geologists, consequent blame among themselves, for basing their ideas on one orientation without consideration for the contrary.  The effects discussed could be due to a huge catastrophe as asteroids could have caused dust expulsion that would have resulted in loss sunlight and could have caused a drop of temperature and chilliness, which, in turn, could have led to extinction of life on Earth for a considerable period of time. However, numerous scientists argue that these mysterious changes could explain the gravitational pull in all circular geological structures and the entire underground.

The Distinction Between Leadership and Management Assignment

The Distinction Between Leadership and Management - Assignment Example Leadership inspires while management directs people and manages work (Marquis, 2012). Leadership is also focused on vision while management is set achieving an articulated objectives (Kotterman, 2006). Leaders and managers also differ in their behaviors. A leader relies more on his or her charisma to have followers. Managers on the other hand relies more on formal authority. A leader is also transformational in his or her approach meaning his or her leadership makes followers better. Managers on the other hand are transactional which means that they rely on reward system to motivate their subordinates (Denehy, 2008). Both qualities however are needed in an organization to realize its objectives. Leadership provides the vision, the animated spirit that makes an organization thrive. Management on the other hand translates leadership into concrete objectives that should be achieved in quantifiable terms. Both qualities are needed for an organization to be successful. Merely relying on leadership or management alone is inadequate. They are however not mutually exclusive and both qualities and behavior can be had and practiced by an individual. Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2012). Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams &

Tennessee V. Garner Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Tennessee V. Garner - Research Paper Example The woman who had reported the said burglary explained to them that she had witnessed someone break into the next door and the officers quickly responded by searching the said premise. As Hymon covered the back, he saw someone running from that address and pursued him. With the help of his flashlight, he spotted someone hiding next to a backyard fence thirty to forty feet away and commanded the young man to stop but the suspect ignored and made an attempt to jump off the fence. It was at this moment that Hymon fired a shot that struck the fleeing suspect in the head as he fell. Later identified as fifteen -year-old Edward Garner, the suspect died while undergoing treatment shortly after the shooting incident. Later in 1975, Garner’s father filed a civil suit against the police department of Memphis, the mayor, director of police and the officer involved-Hymon claiming that his son’s constitutional rights had been violated (Blume, 21). In this suit, the slain suspect rights were said to have been violated by Officer Hymon under the 4th, 8th and 14th amendments at the time of his shooting. The other defendants were sued for to taking due care in the hiring process and poor supervision of the police officer that the plaintiff claimed was responsible for his son’s death in equal magnitude (Blume, 23). The first trial was held in 1976 and in the end; the district court gave a motion for a verdict directed in favor of the city and its police department. On appeal, there was an affirmation by the Sixth Circuit on aspects of the ruling by the district court in their decision to dismiss the case against individual defendants. The court was however instructed to review if municipality had the liberty to be granted immunity because its policies were in tandem with state law and not so, relook into whether deadly force while arresting

Improving ones own performance Essay Example for Free

Improving ones own performance Essay Every fortnight on a Friday morning my line manager and I have a meeting to discuss my progress. This meeting is also for her feed back so she can see if there is anything I am struggling with, anything I need help with or I am not happy about. To the right is a picture of the scheduled meetings. This is on our Microsoft outlook account. The reason for this is so that if there are areas I am slipping with, for example my time keeping, we can discuss these issues comfortably and resolve them before they become an occurring issue. The need for these meetings is very important. They help monitor my progress by reflecting to my manager what I’ve been working on and how fast/slow I’ve been completing them. By doing these meetings it improves my performance by clearly showing my improvements giving me job satisfaction. I can also gain benefits from theses meetings too as I am improving my performance I may be more likely to be put forwards for a promotion because when my manager sees my hard work, she will inform the managing director and update him upon my progress. She gives me feedback on how I’ve been working and encourages me to do the same as without this I wouldn’t know what to improve or keep the same. Its adds value to my work as I am continuously improving, it also strengthens our relationship as I know what to do next time. During these meeting I have been asked to keep a record of achievement. I have also been asked to evaluate my own performance with a SWOT analysis every six months, so we can compare if there are any changes or areas of improvement. At times she suggest ways of possibly improving my work this helps me greatly as I may not have thought of the idea myself or even have tried it as I am not used to the method. It sometimes saves me a lot of time; this benefits my team and I as I can take on new tasks as I have spare time. Throughout my work I am constantly improving as I am learning new things all the time. As discussed by my manager and me, I have picked up a lot of important information just being in the office. When I am continuously learning it is helping me as when I learn something new I can apply it to situations, where needed. When I am enhancing my skills this helps me too as I know and understand more making my more aware. With my knowledge that has grown I will, in the future, apply it to other companies/organisations. This will benefit my career as I will know crucial information needed, not only to help me with an interview but help me secure another job. In my later life I would like to either study more business administration at university or possibly stay in the world of work and work my way up to become a manager in an office environment. At the end of my contract with Medilink I hope they would keep me on as I could grow my skills to adapt to learning about the other opportunities such as finance or even international work. Throughout my working life I use a PDP to show my achievement that aren’t actually a credited for. This adds great value to me as when I am going for an interview I can show this to my possible new employer. When Sarah and I have our fortnightly meeting I ask for feedback and on the occasion I write this down in my note book as I can reflect on it at a later date. This is because I won’t forget what she has said. I accept it with open arms as this will help me and is not said in a spiteful manor to upset me. It is constructive criticism, this is being assertive. If she wasn’t being assertive then it wouldn’t be good within our working environment. The benefit to this is that she can put her point across without sounding nasty and putting her point across in a respectful manor. I myself also have to be assertive too, for example if I get given a task and I have too much on I simply have say no as I would miss my deadline from taking over someone else job. I will offer an alternative if I can help as we work as a team and if I can save time for someone else I will. Plus when someone one is helping me and I do not agree with a certain way I voice my opinion and suggest to improve their performance, like when Tina was helping me with finding contacts on our database I suggested to sure the search bar rather than looking under the subheadings and finding them by trial and error. When having this meeting sometimes my manager, Sarah and I discus targets for when work needs to be completed. The reason for this is so that I get used to deadlines and can work to realistic target as my input is as important in these discussions as hers. It benefits me as I know I can structure myself to meet these target and they are within my reach. For example: I was given a task to go through the international managers, charlottes, mailing list in correspond to the members list, and our data base to update all three and ensure they are all up to date. We decided because there was 217 contacts on charlottes list that I would be given 22 working days to complete as this allows me to complete 10 a day so I could pick it up and put down the task in hand here and there amongst other tasks. With these discussions about targets we also discus the quality of my work. I set high standards as there are always room for improvements and if I am constantly aiming for the highest possible standard then overtime I should up the bar of my skills. This resulting in be being more knowledgeable. During day to day work there are setbacks that I may come across to overcome these and move forwards I first must accept these otherwise I can’t overcome them. When dealing with them there is one major benefit, it makes me a stronger worker as I know how to tackle them if they occur in the future. Everyday at work there are new challenges and the reason why I adapt the taking them on is because it will be a learning curve and will benefit my future. By adapting to change I grow my personality and move with the time, I am constantly growing my knowledge base and understanding what I need to take in. Treating others with respect honesty and consideration add to the business environment it ensure that the atmosphere we working in is enjoyable. When it is comfortable it promotes more effective working. When helping and supporting others at work, it saves them time as they don’t need to look for the answers and it add to the relationship within the working environment. To do this it is useful and very helpful. To show my targets in order of priority for my own work; is attached a sheet, listed in a random order but there is a coloured key to follow on the back. As you can see I have highlighted them corresponding to the coloured priority. In one of our meetings with Sarah I renegotiated the dead line of the previously mentioned task, the mailing list for Charlotte, in conjunction with the members list and our database. The reason for this was because we had a lot on for the awards event and I slipped behind due to bad time management therefore not being able to complete my task. On a weekly basis I like to achieve the highest possible outcome I can, to do this I set myself high standards. Such as: exceeding my targets. When helping Paul with his signs I completed them up to a brilliant aesthetic look and before my deadline. I laminated each one and got them all ready before he needed them. I was so committed that I stayed behind on one of the days to finish them off before my deadline. This demonstrated my passion for my work. I use my own needs to complete a task and it is my own right to use my own time during work to finish what I have been given. Like last week for example, I used my time during work to start a task I have been given by one of our members of the PR team, Martin. I treat all of my colleagues with respect, as I speak to them all with the right tone. Like in our weekly team briefing, I talk with politeness and do not use harsh tones.

Binge Drinking in the UK: Causes and Effects | Essay

Binge Drinking in the UK: Causes and Effects | Essay Drinking ourselves to death? This essay will look into the question as to whether we are a nation that is on the verge of drinking ourselves to death, despite the ever increasing health warnings raised by the government and the National Health Service, about the consequences of consuming too much alcohol. A vast majority of individuals still seem to be regularly binge drinking without thinking about the devastating damage that they are doing to their bodies. It will also examine the ever demanding costs of alcohol related incidents that the National Health Service have to deal with upon a daily basis. It will look at the alcohol ‘strategies’ made by both the Labour government in 2004 and the Conservative government in 2010, to help tackle the problems related to alcohol. Furthermore I will look to evaluate whether the current alcohol policies proposed by the present government are helping to tackle the ever increasing problems related to binge drinking. It will also examine the tricks that the media use to try and persuade individuals to consume an unsafe amount of alcohol. Along with shocking evidence that a unit of alcohol is unbelievably cheaper that a bottle of water! The first section of this essay will discuss the current problems relating to binge drinking. Secondly I will look to evaluate as to whether the policies that have been imposed by the Labour government and Conservative government are actually helping to resolve the problems, caused by individuals choosing to consume considerable amounts of alcohol. Thirdly I will expose the ‘tricks’ that the supermarkets and media use in order to encourage individuals to consume unsafe amounts of alcohol. Along with this I will add some recent research conducted by myself to find out about the unit price of a number of different wines and spirits. The last section of this essays will discuss as to whether I believe the current binge drinking problem has spiralled out of control. Plus if the government has in fact left the long list of consequences attributable to alcohol related accidents and violence, far too late to tackle. Firstly the main point to be raised about the irresponsible drinking habits of individuals in Britain. Are they young adults who choose to pre-drink before going out clubbing, sometimes these young individuals can be under the drinking age? Or young individuals who are choosing to drink more than the recommend safe amount. The nation seems to have an irresponsible relationship with alcohol consumption, which leads to individuals choosing to binge drink as the result. The true reality of the impact of the nation’s irresponsible drinking habits can be highlighted in research, which was conducted by The Home Office in 2010. It is estimated that in a community of 100,000 people each year: 2,000 people will be admitted to hospital with an alcohol related condition. A 1,000 people will be victims of alcohol related violent crimes. Over 3,000 will be binge drinking. (Drugs and Alcohol Unit, 2012: 6) Sadly those who choose to drink to the extent where they became paralytic are often t he ones, who end up needing medical treatment. Moreover it is the Accident and Emergency departments throughout Britain that are consistently clogged, mainly at night, with individuals that have been injured or have become ill due to the result of excessive alcohol consumption. The Police also have to deal with individuals that choose to repeatedly drink irresponsibly. It is believed that at peak times 70% of all admissions to Accident and Emergency are in fact alcohol related (Cabinet Office, 2004: 9).This means that there is ever increasing pressure being put upon these services trying to deal with real emergencies. The Labour Government calculate the cost of the health service treating alcohol misuse to be  £1.7 billion per annum (Cabinet Office, 2004: 12). Clearly there is a number of points to be raised about individual’s irresponsible attitudes when it comes to alcohol consumption. Furthermore the admissions to hospital because of alcohol related violence and accidents could in fact start to rapidly increase. In a report by the Home Office, almost two million people more than six percent of men and two percent of women, were consuming more than what is regarded as the safe level of alcohol. (Baggot, 2004: 203) What these individuals do not realise is that by drinking alcohol to the extent they do, may causing them to develop extreme health complications in the future. They could develop kidney failure, liver damage and a number of different forms of cancer. Secondly this section will look to identity some of the policies the government have imposed in order to tackle the nation’s irresponsible drinking. Before the government can introduce a new set of policies they need to identify the aims. Moreover, in order to justify a national alcohol policy there needs to be an acceptance that alcohol has a profound effect upon society as a whole and that in the interest of the public good there is a need to combine the regulation of alcohol use with actions to attenuate the actual or potential consequences (Ratistrick, Hodgson and Ritson, 1999: 19). In order to impose a new set of policies the government needs to consider a number of different circumstances, as to which interventions will work to prevent the current problem. The government may consider imposing a set of polices within the interest of protecting the basic rights of individuals, whilst considering the overall safety of the public. Sometimes governments can make mistakes. The shocking decision that was made in 2000 when the Labour government, introduced plans to alter the licensing laws proposing a dramatic relaxation in those provisions covering hours of sale in England and Wales(Baggot,2000: 206). Probably one of the biggest mistakes that any government has made regarding the effects it has had upon increased binge drinking and consequently public health. On the other hand the current government has imposed some ambitions that they believe will help curb the problem with the nation’s irresponsible drinking habits. They have three main ambitions these include, a change in behaviour so that people think it is not acceptable to drink in ways that could cause harm to themselves or other. Along with a reduction in the amount of alcohol fuelled violent crime and a reduction in the number of adults drinking above the NHS guidelines (Drugs and Alcohol Unit, 2012: 5). There has been slight improvements in the reduction of alcohol fuelled violent crimes when Police Forces have imposed alcohol removal zones in certain towns and cities. Where any individual caught with alcohol in these areas will have it removed. Although this scheme seems to be working to reduce the number of crimes occurring due to alcohol, the same cannot to be said for the majority of the country. Recently the Home Office have introduced a series of posters highlightin g the problem of drinking too much alcohol too early. They hoped that the posters would highlight that drinking before going out clubbing, can cause you to become ill and miss out on the fun later on. However it seems that the message is not getting through. There are still many individuals choosing to drink above the recommend safe guidelines. Thirdly the media maybe one of the contributing factors to the nations binge drinking. With a constant stream of adverts that show individuals enjoying alcohol in a number of different social situations. There seems to be a cultural representation of the drinking mirror society in a way that shapes and reinforces the public discourse on alcohol related problems. (Ratistrick, Hodgson and Ritson, 1999: 145) However not all the blame can be put upon the media. Supermarkets and independent shops are just as much to blame, by advertising ever increasingly cheap deals. Whether the deals be three boxes of beer for  £21 or two bottles of wine for  £10. They are still encouraging purchases of a vast amount of alcohol. Pubs and clubs may also be blamed for the ever increasing spiralling out of control of the binge drinking nation. Pubs and clubs sometimes have deals on certain spirits or beers. Some clubs even advertise cheap entry and cheap drink deals to lure individuals into drinking va st amounts of alcohol. On the other hand the argument here is that some young people do not seem to worry about what binge drinking does to themselves or others. (Wechsler and Wuethrich, 2002: 157) Furthermore some health professionals have argued that there needs to be a stricter unit price. The Conservative Government did state that they were going to impose a minimum unit price of 50p, however this is yet to come into force. After conducting some research of my own on Monday 3 rd. February 2014 it came back with some surprising results. In order to work out the unit price, an individual needs to divide the price by the number of units. For example a  £4.99 bottle of wine has 9.8 units, meaning each unit costs 50p, along with  £ 1.93 bottle of cider has 10.6 units , meaning that each unit costs 18p. Shockingly a unit of alcohol costs less than a bottle of water at  £1.00 or a packet of chocolate at 70p. Lastly in this essay I have researched as to whether the nation is in fact drinking itself to death. Firstly the fact that it costs the National Health Service  £1.7 billion in order to treat incidents related to alcohol is shocking. However as highlighted in the third section of this essay the government has imposed some policies to try and tackle the binge drinking problem. Although some of these policies seem to be helping to reduce the problem slightly, others seem to be having the reserve effect. Moreover it is clear that there should be a reduction of the licensing laws. On the other hand perhaps imposing that minimum unit price of 50p may help to reduce the current binge drinking culture. Bibliography Baggot. R, 2000, Public Health Policy and Politics, Hampshire, Palgrave Cabinet Office, Strategy Unit, 2004, Alcohol Harm and Reduction Strategy, H.R.S.O, London Drugs and Alcohol Unit, 2012, The Government’s Alcohol Strategy, London, Home Office Ratistrick. D, Hodgson. R and Ritson, 1999, Tackling alcohol Together the Evidence Base of a UK policy, London, Frist Association Books Wechsler H and Wuethrich, 2002,  Dying to drink confronting Binge drinking on college campuses USA, St. Martin’s Press