Sunday, December 29, 2019

Fast Food is Bad For Humans and Other Living Things Essay

â€Å"Grab and Go!† shimmer windows of many fast food restaurants in the new XXI century. â€Å"It is really comfortable and it saves time†, my old neighbor whispers to me as a secret. â€Å"Today is my birthday! Let’s go to McDonalds and order cheese hamburgers and fries!† – My niece is screaming with delight in her face. Finally, really big hamburger appears in TV screen during commercial and looking juicy with fresh green salads forcing every one of us to feel hungry. However, fast food restaurants serve not only food lacking of vitamins and nonnutritive value, but also are responsible for endangered species, biodiversity reduction, worsening human’s health, and risk to run out of natural food and medicine sources that can lead to human’s extinction.†¦show more content†¦So, agriculture has to do with that fact: Fast food chains serve the same food over the world. That means they serve the same French fries made from the same type of potatoes and the same salads made from the same type of lettuce and tomatoes in every country. Fats food chains move into countries where the fast food ingredients are quite different from traditional local ingredients. Local farmers abandon their traditional crops and try to grow food needed for the very limited international menus. This reduces diversity of local crops (Hiramoto 35-37) In September of this year in New York Times appeared a new article that demonstrated the fact that was observed by long year pediatrician Dr. Michalis Stagourakis. He stated that there is ratio between bad diet and maladies as sniffles, and stomachaches that â€Å"are interspersed with diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol†. Bad diet resources were described as places were children could buy fast food: pizza parlor, vending machines and other shops supplying ju nk food (ROSENTHAL ). Tendency to obesity eating fast food was proven by many experiments. For example, Indian experts propose, there is ratio between growing malnutrition and obesity. According that normal humans diet was changed into â€Å"fast diet†, some changes in humans body was observed (Chatterjee 1948). The same fact was proven by American experts. Data from a nationally representative survey shown that fastShow MoreRelatedA Debate Between Organic Foods And Non Organic Food1689 Words   |  7 PagesOver the last few years, there are many things have changed such as, technology, agriculture and many more things. Technology is getting better and better day by day for humans need and survivenment, but one thing is that human will never be able survive without food. Food comes from farms and animals. There are many ways for farming like organic farming, conventional farming, commercial farming, multi-crop farming, factory farming and many more other technique of it. Farming has a significant roleRead MoreAmerican Teens Become Fit Again Case Study1745 Words   |  7 PagesTeens Need To Become Fit Again The unhealthy generation, is in danger of being destroyed by obesity and other relative obesity diseases.Helping our human bodies to remain healthier and stay alive. Obesity is a dangerous diagnosis that can creep upon young teens who always seem to fling it off the shoulder and not take it serious. Obesity is what happens when humans dont eat the proper food, it causes problems that can’t fix. The 70’s was the big drop in society, parents started to split, and forgetRead MoreThe Dark Side Of A Growing Industry1454 Words   |  6 Pages The Dark Side of a Growing Industry 186,627. That is the exact number of fast food restaurants that existed in the United States in 2012, according to Numberof.net. The fast food industry has become the face of America. On every intersection there is a McDonalds, Burger King, Jack in the Box, Taco Bell, Chipotle, or Church’s. As an American, one can go anywhere in the country and find the same fast food that they’re used to in nearly every state. Many of these places have already figured out howRead MoreThe Obesity Rates Of Obesity1468 Words   |  6 Pagesnot working. Unfortunately for Americans, food industries are not helping with these high rates of obesity. Companies are focused on selling their products over keeping us healthy. So, not only are diets not working for the population as a whole, but food products that are being named as â€Å"fat free†, are nothing but processed and unnatural scientific products made in a lab. American diets have a lack of scientific support and public unde rstanding and food companies and restaurants are doing nothingRead MoreCombating Childhood Obesity And Its Effects1122 Words   |  5 Pagestoday’s society it is easy to get caught up into living a sedentary and unhealthy lifestyle. With new technologies, social media, etc, people are choosing to opt out of doing much active work and are choosing to do things from the comfort of their own bed or couch. Many people choose to enjoy the luxuries of online shopping, banking, mail, socializing, ordering food, games, and even dating! Additionally, United States citizens have fully embraced the fast food industry for some of the same reasons. It’sRead MoreEating Environments Contribute to Obesity1692 Words   |  7 PagesFood and eating environments contribute to the increase in cases of not only obesity also chronic diseases.Its a basic necessity of a child in their growing age to have a nutritious and healthy deit because of its delicious taste. However as it has been wi tness eating habits have shifted alaramingly over the last couple of decades. Fast foods such as burgers, pizzas,subways and many more are now commonly consumed foods in almost every household all over Pakistan now. Such foods originated in theRead MoreNegative Effects Of American Culture1453 Words   |  6 PagesConstitution, the Internet, and the Atomic bomb. All great achievements in American history some would say, but others could argue that they have been a disgraceful part of our history. Of course no one would oppose that those achievements have been beneficial but they certainly have their negative side effects. However you digest american culture you cannot deny that there is good and bad and when analyzed in greater detail you can make your own judgements on whether a certain part of american cultureRead MoreThe Food Industry And Industrialization Of Agriculture1085 Words   |  5 PagesThe corporate food industry and industrialization of agriculture today have revolut ionized the growing and buying of food for farmers and consumers. To see how it has transformed the system, one can look at the effects industrial agriculture has caused. Economically, it creates million of jobs that keep people employed and keeps food affordable, but has regrettably created subsidies too. In terms of health, mass production of agriculture has created new health risks that endanger the lives of bothRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Campbells Power Of Myth1192 Words   |  5 Pageswas intended to be a journey of rediscovery that plunges into nature, into history, into the human spirit and finally into the realm of the infinite (Fricke). It is a visualization of the interconnectedness humans share with the earth. Furthermore, Baraka dives into the didactic elements of archetypes and images that instruct the soul. Although Baraka does not use words, there is a clear message of humans and their world that Campbell says gives â€Å"relevance to something happening in your own lifeRead MoreEssay on McDonaldization of Society966 Words   |  4 PagesThe McDonaldization of Society (1993), in which he defines McDonaldization as the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as the rest of the world. These principles include efficiency, predictability, calculability (or an emphasis on quantification), and control (especially via non-human technologies). All of these combined constitute the formal rationality or basis that makes up McDonaldization. In his works

Saturday, December 21, 2019

How did Hitler gain power in Germany by 1933 - 1205 Words

How and why did Hitler gain power in Germany by 1933? Following the collapse of the Weimar government, Hitler managed to gain dictatorship over Germany by 1936. In fact it took Hitler just around 18 months, between February 1933 and August 1934, so how did Hitler gain autocracy over Germany so quickly? I am going to start with how the Germans had fear of Germany becoming a communist country like Russia. At the end of the war, many people hoped that democracy would spread to most countries of the world. They did not want to be controlled by a dictatorship which would lead them into a communist country. Another factor that assisted Hitler to gain power in Germany by 1933 was how Hitler wanted to demolish the Treaty of Versailles.†¦show more content†¦The Nazi party was the people s party. It tried to win everyone s support. Hitler would deliver speeches to German audiences in halls or sport stadiums. Groups such as the S.A and Hitler Youth gave sense of belonging and pride to all the Nazi’s audience. This factor is a social factor as it involves all groups of people to support and vote for the Nazi party. This factor links to Hitler’s ideas due to the fact that once Hitler’s ideas were emplacedShow MoreRelatedEconomics During the Years of Hitler Essay example862 Words   |  4 PagesEconomics During the Years of Hitler Adolf Hitler became leader of the Nazi Party in 1921; throughout the passing years he made various attempts to overthrow the Government. He became Chancellor in 1933 and his main aims included tackling depression and restoring full employment in Germany. Another key ambition Hitler had was to prepare Germany for a next possible war. Hitler took position as Chancellor in Germany in 1933, just after the Great Depression between 1929Read MoreHow Did Hitler Become Chancellor in 1933?1659 Words   |  7 PagesHow did Hitler become Chancellor in 1933? Many events took place, leading to the rise of Hitler and his Nazi party. There was the growing unpopularity of the Weimar Republic, the federal republic established in 1919. At the same time, Hitler and his political party, the ‘Deutsche Arbeiterpartei’, commonly referred to as the Nazis (National Socialist German Workers’ Party) became more and more popular under the rule of their leader, Adolf Hitler. This rise to popularity was the effect of Hitler’sRead MoreSignificance of the Night of the Long Knives for Hitlers Power1424 Words   |  6 PagesNight of the Long Knives for Hitlers Power In the interwar years of 1933 to 1939, Europe saw the rise of Nazi Germany, which was to become the capstone of the inter-war period, and led to the eruption of World War II, shattering the fragile peace overseen by the League of Nations. But how did a party that was in a state of political decline manage this? The Nazi regimes advancement was paralleled by the life of its leader, Adolf Hitler, who perfected his oratorical skillsRead MoreWhy Did International Peace Collapsed?1207 Words   |  5 Pages-Introduction. Why did international peace collapsed by 1939? When Hitler came to power in 1933 he promised many things to the Germans and told them how he was going to save Germany from the crisis that was made by the democratic leaders. His main policy points were, firstly he wanted to destroy the ToV because he hated them, and thought it was unfair many of his people lost territory, money, and mostly honor because of the ToV and he wanted to unite all Germans to make them pay. Read Moreâ€Å"Hitler Became Chancellor in January 1933 Because He Was the Leader of the Most Popular Party in Germany† – How Far Do You Agree with This Opinion.936 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Hitler became chancellor in January 1933 because he was the leader of the most popular party in Germany† – How far do you agree with this opinion. Hitler did not become chancellor in January 1933 because he was the leader of the most popular party in Germany, it was however to do with the support of the elite that made him Chancellor. There were other factors also such as the decline of the Weimar Republic and the economy but it was mainly to do with the conservatives. One factor that showsRead MoreTaking a Look at Adolf Hitler670 Words   |  3 Pagesindividual: Adolf Hitler †¢ Outline who Hitler is: Adolf Hitler was an Austrian, German politician and the leader of the Nazi party. Hitler was the leader of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945. 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The German people believed that the Weimar Republic was responsible for the signing of the ‘Treaty of Versailles’, which significantly reduced the power of German to defend themselves and rebuild their county at World War I, the people believed that the Weimar RepublicRead More`Hitler Became Chancellor in January 1933 Because He Was Leader of the Most Popular Party in Germany. ` How Far Do You Agree with This Judgement?1563 Words   |  7 Pages`Hitler became Chancellor in January 1933 because he was leader of the most popular party in Germany. ` How far do you agree with this judgement? The Nazi party was slowly making its ascent into the whirlwind world of politics; at first glance they appeared to be making no progress, due to this they were paid very little attention. The government’s negligence of the party allowed them to grow gradually and undetected. Although their popularity contributed to Hitler`s appointment as Chancellor,Read MoreHitlers Rise To Power Essay example1577 Words   |  7 PagesHitlers Rise To Power The reason I have chosen is The Treaty of Versailles. I have chosen this reason because I feel that it played a major part in Hitlers rise to power. I feel there are a number of factors why this helped Hitlers rise to power. The Treaty of Versailles One of the factors of the Treaty of Versailles that helped Hitlers rise to power was the War Guilt clause. This helped Hitler because many Germans resented this clause and he could useRead MoreHitler and the Nazi Partys Total Control Over the Lives of German People from 1933-19451670 Words   |  7 PagesHitler and the Nazi Partys Total Control Over the Lives of German People from 1933-1945 In Germany, they came first for the Communists, and I didnt speak up because I wasnt a Communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didnt speak up because I wasnt a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didnt speak up because I wasnt a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics, and I didnt speak up because I was a Protestant. Then they came for me, and

Friday, December 13, 2019

Flooding in South Africa Free Essays

Assignment GEO 234 D Sonnekus 2011042526 Flooding In South-Africa A Deeper Insight to What Happens Around Us [pic] Photo: Ivan Sonnekus 2012 Index Page Number 1. Introduction3 2. The Nature Of Flooding3 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Flooding in South Africa or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Main Causes Of Flooding In South-Africa4 4. The Effect Of Development On Flood Hazards in SA5 5. The Effect Of The Economic Status Of People – Regarding Flood Hazards6 6. Conclusion7 7. Bibliography8 1. Introduction Floods play a major role in our everyday lives, and how we react to the daily changing climate is of course our way of surviving our planetary conditions. Floods determine our building styles and play a very large role in the economy by means of devastating destruction and environmental engineer specialists in terms of flood prevention. The hydrological definition for a flood states that a flood is a rise in water level in a stream to a peak point where after the water level will recede at a slower rate (UNESCO-WMO 1974).  Control Key and Word – Text and Graphics. A flood event can be described as a flow of water in a stream constituting a distinct progressive rise, culminating into a crest, together with the recession that follows the crest (Linsley, 1942). In this Assignment I will be explaining some key features about flooding regarding a South-African point of view. 2. The Nature of Flooding. Floods can be broken down into different classes or divisions between different types of floods in this section I will explain the main flood types and their nature. Floods can be divided between major floods, minor floods and flash floods. Major Floods: In the event of a major flood the flooding is caused by the overflowing of rivers and dams by means of breaks in dikes, levees, dam walls and other protective structures; by uncontrollable releases of impounded water in reservoirs and by the accumulation of excessive runoff. In the case of a major flood the floodwaters will cover a wide spread contiguous area and will spread rapidly to adjoining areas of relatively lower elevations. The flooding will be deep in most parts of the total flooded area and there is a highly perceptible current as the flood spreads to a greater extent. [pic] Minor Floods: In the cause of a minor flood the inundation may or may not be due to overbanking. If there is no bank overflow, flooding happens due to the accumulation of excessive surface run-off in lower lying flat areas. In these cases flooding will mostly be restricted to flood plains along a river channel or low-lying areas or terrain depressions around the direct source of the flood. The flood water will be shallow and there may not be a perceptible flow apparent or present. Flash Floods: Flash floods is as the name states a flood that happens relatively quick, normally no more than 6 hours to a normal flooding time of 12 to 24 hours or longer. Flash floods is the result of a short concentration time of the drainage catchment or a steep river slope, this means that the precipitation falling on a point in the catchment farthest from the river takes a very short time to reach the river itself and become a part of the stream flow. Thus the amount of flow will rapidly increase and the water level will rise, when the capasity of the river/stream is exceeded the channel overflows and the result is a flash flood. [pic] 3. The Main Causes of Flooding in SA. South Africa was subject to some intense floods over the last couple of years mainly as the result of cloud breaks and very heavy precipitation in very short time periods which leads to flooding of most small streams and rivers, what then leads to the larger rivers to flood. South Africa is also a victim of the Southern Oscillation which leads to El-Nino: dry conditions with high surface pressure and; La-Nina: low air surface pressure accompanied by cold and wet weather. See next page for simple diagram illustration [pic] As a result of the Earth surface temperature to keep on rising due to the greenhouse effect the results being a more and more drastically changing macro climate which in turn leads to more rain and eventually will lead Earth into another Ice-Age but that is a topic for another day. The heavy rains on a constant basis keeps the rivers and dams full up to their limits so in the event of a heavy cloud break the already full rivers and dams cannot enclose all the extra water and all that water needs to go somewhere thus leading to floods, in most cases in South-Africa the floods will be flash floods. But there is also the chance of major floods in the form of a dam overflowing and then breaking the wall or even minor floods like in the December of 2012 the Ncandu River flowing through Newcastle KZN overreaches its banks and fills the Trim park with water at least 1-2 feet deep as the trim park is adjacent to the rivers. . The Effect of Development on Flood Hazards in SA Right around the world the population keeps growing at an alarming rate as the birth to mortality rate is not balanced which leads to a world population always wanting and needing to expand city and/or town borders. In this case the chances are very good that eventually there will be building develo pments inside flood plains or lower laying terrain in the proximity of a dam or large volume of water. Thus the engineers of the modern world in developing countries like for instance South-Africa need to come up with new initiatives to improve building techniques to overcome the obstacle of flooding as the floods can be the cause of havoc among the inhabitants of developments within flood plains or beneath the flood level, and also cause a lot of structural and esthetic damage to a city or town. The MooiRivier Mall in Potchefstroom is a classic example of development within a flood hazard. The mall has been constructed on stilt type of tructures that allows the river to flow through underneath the mall but the engineers along with environmental specialists sought to come up with a few ingenious plans to prepare for floods of High hazard (1 in 20 years), medium flood hazards (1in 50 years) and low flood hazard (1 in 100 years) by means of designing a drop away wall where if a certain amount of water flows into a catchment a buoy lifts up and triggers a release on the wall which allows for the brick wall to fall down and allow water to flow into an drainage water way down to the central collection point at the bottom most point of the parking lot back into a stream (the release mechanism works on the same principal as a toilet bowls’ float valve). The parking lot has also been designed on a slope (no flat parking) to act as a funnel leading water away from the mall or danger zone and down into a sub stream or channel. The Mall had a few good tests in the last 5 years of its existence and the engineers and environmental specialists did a good job to overcome the developing in a flood hazard obstacle (Jan-Albert Wessels. IAIA North-West, 2012. ) [pic] Picture: (Viljoen, MF. The Application of flood lines in land use controll. 2009) 5. The Effect of The Economic Status of People Regarding Flood Hazards. Flooding can and have caused a lot of damage in the past and will continue to do so as the macro climate will keep changing in favor of floods so all we can to do is to prepare ourselves and adapt to the changes of climate, floods cost the head of states and countries a great deal of money to develop in flood plains as well as being prepared to deal with any floods and the cleaning up there after. But it is not just the people on top that lose money, the people who actually live in the house that gets swept away or drive the car that rolls over or submerges, it is them that lead the most damage to their financial stance in life and 80% of the time it will be people from informal settlements or rural areas that lead the damage as they do not follow proper procedure to build their houses and then they build in areas of a high flood risk without them even knowing. Thus the counties management somehow needs to get it under control as they have tried to do the in the past and actually still trying to do with regard to the housing subsidiary they offer to people of South-Africa. 6. Conclusion My conclusion regarding floods in South-Africa is that our main floods are flash floods that happen as result of heavy rains from the La-Nina time period of the Southern Oscillation, we as the people of our country need to stand together to make a difference in preventing people to build in dangerous high flood risk areas and also need to convince the children of today in developing countries to come up with fresh and new ideas to overcome development issues in flood risk areas. A countries economic development also greatly depends on its readiness for fighting disaster situations and keeping a disaster under control. A country like South-Africa can suffer great losses financially as result of floods that could have been prevented by means of making use of the right infrastructure on the key areas in developed areas as well as developing areas. Flooding is a natural occurrence and will never be fully under control but the minds of today can shape the ideas of tomorrow with that I leave my mark on the topic of flooding in South-Africa. [pic] 7. Bibliography †¢ Anonymous. 2012. Causes and types of floods. [Web: http://kidlat. pagasa. dost. gov. ph/genmet/floods/cause_types. html]. [Accessed: 14 March 2013] †¢ Department: provincial and local Government. 2009. National Disaster management centre. Flood awareness. PDF 5p. [Accessed: 15 March 2013] †¢ Anonymous. 2011. La Nina Influenced Flooding in South Africa. AccuWeather. [web: http://www. accuweather. com/en/weather-news/la-nina-influenced-flooding-in/44853]. [Accessed: 13 March 2013] †¢ SAPA. 2013. Floods Cause havoc across South Africa. Mail ; Guardian, Africa’s best read. [web: http://mg. co. za/article/2013-01-20-floods-cause-havoc-across-south-africa]. [Accessed: 15 March 2013] †¢ Anonymous. 2013. Definition and nature of flood. [web: http://kidlat. pagasa. dost. gov. ph/genmet/floods/def_nature. html]. [Accessed: 15 March 2013] †¢ SSC. 2011. The nature of flooding. Sunshine coast council, Queensland. [web: http://www. sunshinecoast. qld. gov. au/sitePage. cfm? code=flooding-nature]. Accessed: 13 March 2013] †¢ Department: Provincial and Local Government, Prof Viljoen. MF, Swiegers. C. 2009. The application of flood lines in land use control. Disaster reduction conference. [web: http://conferences. ufs. ac. za/dl/userfiles/Documents/00000/134_eng. pdf]. [Accesse d: 14 March 2013] †¢ Times Live. (2011, February 2). [web: Urgent flood warning along Orange River. ] [Accessed February 14, 2011]. †¢ United Nations Integrated Regional Information Networks. (2011, February 10). Southern Africa: Risk of food insecurity in wake of floods. IRIN News. [Accessed February 14, 2011. ] †¢ Anonymous. 2011. Floods in South Africa. Earth Observatory, NASA. [web: How to cite Flooding in South Africa, Papers Flooding in South Africa Free Essays FLOODING IN SOUTH AFRICA INTRODUCTION The aim of this assignment is to give background information about flooding in South Africa. These would be carried out through the means of research on journal entries, web research and different literatures. The nature of flooding, the main causes of flooding, the effect of development of flooding hazards and the effect of the economic status of people regarding flooding hazards will be taken into consideration. We will write a custom essay sample on Flooding in South Africa or any similar topic only for you Order Now Definition of key terms Flooding An overflow of water onto normally dry land. The inundation of a normally dry area caused by rising water in an existing waterway, such as a river, stream, or drainage ditch. Pounding of water at or near the point where the rain fell. Flooding is a longer term event than flash flooding: it may last days or weeks (MRX webmaster, 2010). Flash flooding Flooding whereby it takes a very short period of time to form. In most cases flash floods few form and take place Nature of floods There are few places on Earth where people need not be concerned about flooding due to their location. Rain is not the only impetus for flood even a broken dam wall can be the stimuli of a flood. A flood occurs when water overflows or inundates land that’s normally dry. This can happen in a multitude of ways. Most common floods are when rivers or streams overflow their banks. Excessive rain, a ruptured dam or levee, rapid ice melting in the mountains, or even an unfortunately placed beaver dam can overwhelm a river and send it spreading over the adjacent land, called a floodplain. Coastal flooding occurs when a large storm or tsunami causes the sea to surge inland (National Geographic Society, 2011). Most floods take hours or days to develop, giving residents enough time to prepare or evacuate. Others happen quickly and with little warning. These flash floods can be extremely dangerous and cause major damage to the landscape and the habitants of such an area. Disaster specialists have various ways of classifying floods according to their likelihood of occurring and the intensity of the flood. A hundred-year flood, for example, is an extremely large, destructive event that would theoretically be expected to happen only once every century. But this is a theoretical number. In reality, this classification means there is a one-percent chance that such a flood could happen in any given year. Over recent decades, possibly due to global climate change, hundred-year floods have been occurring worldwide with frightening regularity (National Geographic Society, 2011) MAIN CAUSES OF FLOODING IN SOUTH AFRICA South Africa has been experiencing above average rainfall since December 2010 that has caused devastation on a scale the country has not seen in many years . This unusual weather pattern is caused by the La Nina effect, and the resulting floods have caused unprecedented disruption of services, displacement of people, loss of livelihoods and even worse, loss of life . it is reported that over 20, 000 people have been affected by floods and an estimated 40 people have died. A national state of disaster has been declared in 28 district municipalities in 7 provinces, with more affected areas being reported THE EFFECT OF DEVELOPMENT ON FLOOD HAZARDS IN SOUTH AFRICA. Floods caused havoc across South Africa . Heavy rain in a short period of time in the part of South Africa, caused more than hundreds of people to be homeless by heavy flooding. Floods caused many to seek refuge on rooftops and on trees. This catastrophe killed more than hundreds of people causing the death toll to rise. Recently these floods caused evacuation of the Kruger National, a game reserve in Northern South Africa. Floods also covered some farmlands and crops were killed as a result forcing farms to close. Most of the roads, dams and large buildings were damaged. Due to flooding some mines were forced to close, this the case of a coal mines in Limpopo. THE EFFECT OF THE ECONOMIC STATUS OF PEOPLE REGARDING FLOOD HAZARDS. Floods frequently causes major infrastructure damage of roads, railway lines, electricity supply systems, water supply and sewage disposal systems. Bribges over rivers are particularly exposed to damage and disruption of transportation systems follows. The economic effects of flooding are often great er than the flood itself. (Parker 2000) According to Parker (2000) because floods frequently destroy crops and livestock, food shortages are not uncommon in the aftermath. Floods may affect food availability in a number of ways. Food stocks may be damaged if storage areas are flooded. Serious flooding usually disrupts transportation of food deficit areas, particularly in towns, which are cut off from supply sources and have inadequate food stock. Impacts of flooding may hinder the economic growth and development that is the high cost of relief and recovery may adversely impact investment in infrastructure and other development activities in the area and in certain cases may cripple the frail economy of the of the region. Recurrent flooding in a region may discourage long-term investments by the government and private sector alike. Lack of livehoods, combined with migration of skilled labour and inflation may have a negative impact on a region’s economic growth. Loss of resource can lead to high costs of goods and services, delaying its development programmes. (Drep operation international federation of Red Cross and crescent societies). Figure 2 three kid were during floods in Limpopo CONCLUSION As discussed under various perspectives, it is clear from the assignment that floods had adverse impact on the socio-economic status of livehoods for people in South Africa more especially the residents of Limpopo. It is also evident that there are varying underlying causes of floods i South Africa. Places near the flood event are the most susceptible to the dangers of the floods. Proximity of these places and poverty were identified as being the main cause of vulnerability of people REFERENCES Drep Operation International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Society, 1. February. 2011. MRX webmaster, 2010. National Weather Services. [Online] Available at: http://www. srh. noaa. gov/mrx/hydro/flooddef. php [Accessed 13 March 2013]. National Geographic Society, 2011. Natural Disasters: floods profile. [Online] Available at: http://environment. nationalgeographic. com/environment/natural-disasters/floods-profile/ [Accessed 12 March 2013]. Parker, J. D2000. floods. Tangler and Francis, National Academy Press, Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre, Thailand. SAPA. 2013. Floods causes havoc across South Africa, Mail and Guardian, 20 January 2013. How to cite Flooding in South Africa, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Australian Dairy Industry for Economic Perspectives- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAustralian Dairy Industry for Economic Perspectives Answer: Introduction The study highlights on the structure of the Dairy Industry in Australia and the various stages of production of dairy products from raw milk and its distribution to the customers. Since 1970, the dairy industry in Australia has shown huge improvements in productivity of their farm. Implementation of advanced technologies as well as structural reforms within the sector has increased the efficiency in milk production (OBrien et al., 2012). This industry in Australia has commissioned ABARES for analyzing the productivity drivers within the industry for supporting huge information needs that is required to develop funds across the regions. The study also elucidates on the structure of their intermediate markets and implication of market structure in this industry. It also reflects on the current strategy of Inglenook dairy and its opportunities and threats to its long run profits. Furthermore, recommendations regarding this farms current strategy are also discussed in this assignment. Structure of Australian Diary Industry and identification of stages of production of dairy products Over the past 30 years, the structure of the dairy industry in Australia has changed in a huge way and is driven by various factors that includes removal of regulated prices of milk and reforms in market of dairy products. However, during this phase , the total number of farms in this nation has declined by about two-thirds and the processing as well as distribution segments of this industry have been rationalized (Tauer et al., 2012). Although few resources are being utilized in producing milk, restructuring has led to efficient industry. This has also led to increase in growth on production of dairy each farm in real terms. This industry contributes to 0.3 to 0.4% to GDP (gross domestic product) of the nation. In addition, the employment rate of Australia increases as large workers are engaged in this industry. The process that is involved in producing dairy products from raw materials and then marketing and distribution to the consumers in Australia involves few steps : Receiving milk or raw materials The dairy farms uses antibiotics for controlling infections in cows. The milk is then obtained from them. Storing- Milk is stored in clean and hygienic container . Standardization- It includes filtration as well as separation. Pasteurization and homogenization- During this process, milk is heated to 72 degree centigrade and is kept for 15 seconds. Chilling the product obtained- After that, it is cooled instantly to 4degreecentigrade. This treatment us required for destroying harmful bacteria present in the milk. Packaging Storage- the chemical inputs such as sanitizing agents are used for storage of dairy products. Distribution to the consumer Analyzing the structure of intermediate markets The oligopoly intermediate market structure is involved in the production as well as distribution of final dairy products. The dairy industry in Australia has few firms and they are interdependent with each other. However, each farm under Australian dairy industry considers the action of rival farms while setting their price on dairy products. In addition, non-price competition exist in this intermediate market structure as farms influences the products prices. Similar or differentiated dairy products are produced by the farms in this Australian industry. In addition, the farms in this industry adopts new technology that outcomes in the farms to become capital intensive as well as dependent on labor. As it has been seen that pricing arrangements had influenced productivity in past, implementation in new technologies helps them to attain competitive advantage in oligopoly market structure. As few dairy firms exists in the Australian market, the diary industry faces oligopolistic competition. In this competitive market structure, the dairy farms are forced to be interdependent as it aids one farm to monitor other farms actions for gaining competitive advantage. In fact, the behavior of the farms in dairy industry of Australia is explained with the help of kinked demand curve framework shown below: Figure 1: Kinked demand curve framework reflecting behavior of dairy farms in oligopolistic competition Source: (As created by author) At P1 , if the dairy farms raises the price of milk product, then consumers tries to purchase from other farms. This leads to loss of market share value of that farm and hence demand becomes elastic. Thus, farms incurs loss from raising the product price and hence farms in this market face huge competition in terms of product pricing. This model also recommends that price might be rigid as there firms achieve no incentive for changing their product price. Implication of market structure for market power distribution in this industry The oligopolistic market structure in Australian dairy farms has huge implications for the distribution of market power in the industry mainly over its pricing and accumulation of profits at different production chain stages. Price leadership occurs in the oligopoly as large farm in this industry affects the pricing strategy of other farms existing in this market. Therefore, if one farm raises its price of dairy products, then other farms will not follow it and stick to their set price. As a result, the quantity demanded for the products of that farm will decline considerably. On the contrary, if one farm declines the product price, then other farms will follow by reducing the product price for retaining their customers (Howley et al., 2012). Thus, it will prevent them from losing their market share and exist in the market. This market structures has some implications on the accumulation of industry profits at different stages of the production chain of the industry (Kilelu et al., 2013). The dairy farms in Australia focus on marketing activities such as advertising the products for attaining higher profitability. However, this increases the aggregate demand of the dairy products in this oligopoly market. Moreover, if one farm adopts new technology in production, then the total cost of production automatically increases. Now, if another farm sets lower price for the dairy product, then this farm will lower its price on their product. As a result, the farm attains lower profit or may face loss in manufacturing dairy products. Overall, it affects the industry profits leading to lowering of market share value. Inglenook Diarys current strategy Inglenook dairy farm currently strategizes to involve vertical integration while processing milk and activities for distributing dairy products (Gourley et al., 2012). In addition, the organization current strategy also includes differentiation of dairy products based on the needs and preference of the customers. They also strategizes to reduce the products cost and improve the production process by adopting new technologies. They also plan to develop unified brand in the market for attracting large number of customers and attain their trust and loyalty. Moreover, they try to update their product offering technique for improving their financial performance. They also focuses innovating new products using raw materials, providing proper customer services and setting lower product prices in order to attain competitive advantage (Ertl et al., 2015). This current strategy will facilitate in controlling larger share of this market as well as ensure in attaining sustainable profitability i n long term. Opportunities or threats to long run profits of dairy industry Inglenook dairy farm in Australia reflects good potential in growth and the factors that includes advancement of technologies and production as well as supply chains affects the producers abilities and hence provides huge opportunities to expand in future (Eastwood et al., 2012). The company also strategizes to set lower prices in comparison with other competitors in this industry. Moreover, technological advancement and extending customers channels also provides opportunities to the farms in the dairy industry as the international demand for the products grows in greater way. Thus, Inglenook management practices helps in generating employment opportunities and improving the labor productivity. The threats of this dairy farm occur from high level of competition in this industry. The competitors of this dairy farm pose huge threats on them in terms of pricing strategy and quality of products. However, this aids the farm in focusing on producing high quality products at lower price. In addition, intervention of the Australian government also affects the growth of Inglenook within the Australias dairy industry (Burton et al., 2012). As a result, this affects on the long run profit of the farm as this farms cost of production becomes higher than the total amount of revenue obtained during the particular year. Under investment in the infrastructure of dairy chain and trade liberalization, unsuitable development plans also poses threats to this farm. Recommendations to the current strategy of Inglenook Diary In order to be successful, the strategy of Inglenook should rely on the principle of value creation in each section of the dairy chain. The recommendations given to the current strategy of Inglenook Dairy will help them to achieve the goal of long run profitability. This includes: It is suggested that Inglenook farm should consult with their stakeholders for achieving the objective and goal of the farm and this helps in expanding the business. Given the rise in milk volatility and feed prices, it is necessary to integrate risk management system into the strategies of dairy development (Ahmad and Bravo-Ureta, 2012). Thus, it is suggested that the farm should implement risk management system for attaining higher profitability in long run. Agricultural development has been dynamic in regards to structure of the farm, input prices , product prices and perceptions of the consumer. Thus, it is suggested that Inglenook should monitor, evaluate and improve their strategy in order to avoid risk that comes from other rivalries. Before implementing the strategy, the farm should assess dairy programs that explore benefits of program for creating target beneficiaries. Thus, this will help them in improving investment returns in development of dairy. Conclusion Thus, it is concluded from the above assignment that implementation of proper strategy helps the dairy farm in attaining higher profitability and expanding the business. The market structures also influences the dairy farms in the nation. The business strategy of Inglenook also provides huge opportunities in the market and also helps in facing threats that comes from rival firms. Thus, it helps in gaining competitive advantage and achieve sustainable profitability in the long run. References Ahmad, M., Bravo-Ureta, B. E. (2012). Technical efficiency measures for dairy farms using panel data: a comparison of alternative model specifications.Journal of Productivity Analysis,7(4), 399-415. Burton, R. J., Peoples, S., Cooper, M. H. (2012). 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